1/3 of the world's people have been infected! How to prevent and cure the neglected "hepatitis E"?
An infectious disease characterized by liver damage. The incidence of viral hepatitis E in the population is about 20 million people infected with hepatitis E virus every year. The incidence of hepatitis E in China has exceeded that of hepatitis A for 9 years in a row. Hepatitis E virus is mainly eaten by hepatitis E mainly through fecal-oral transmission. The outbreak is mainly caused by the pollution of water sources by feces carrying hepatitis E virus, and the distribution is mainly caused by food contaminated by hepatitis E virus (such as pork, shellfish, etc.). At present, hepatitis E virus has been reported from raw or undercooked pig liver all over the world. There is a great difference in the severity of hepatitis E, most of which are acute self-limited diseases, which can be characterized by asymptomatic infection, acute non-icteric hepatitis, acute icteric hepatitis or acute severe hepatitis. A small number of immunocompromised or immunosuppressed patients can develop into chronic hepatitis. The mortality rate of chronic hepatitis infection and pregnant women infected with hepatitis E virus is relatively high.
During the Spring Festival, there is a marked increase in the gathering of relatives and friends, it is inevitable to eat out, and there are more opportunities to come into contact with unclean food. Do not control diet, do not pay attention to dietary hygiene, Hu eat and drink, will bring opportunities for the spread of hepatitis E.
Hepatitis An and hepatitis B are viral hepatitis that we know more about. But have you ever heard of hepatitis E? Hepatitis E, the abbreviation of viral hepatitis E, is an infectious disease caused by hepatitis E virus and characterized by liver damage.
Incidence of viral hepatitis E in population
About 20 million people worldwide are infected with hepatitis E virus every year, resulting in 3.3 million cases of hepatitis E. From 1986 to 1988, the largest epidemic of hepatitis E in the world broke out in southern Xinjiang, China, with nearly 120000 cases and 707 deaths.
Like hepatitis An and hepatitis B, hepatitis E often causes damage to liver function, and in severe cases, it can develop into liver failure or even death.
In adult acute viral hepatitis, the incidence of hepatitis E has occupied the first place.
The mortality rate of hepatitis E disease was 1% Mel 5%, while that of hepatitis A disease was 0.01%.
China belongs to the high epidemic area of hepatitis E. according to the national report of notifiable infectious diseases released by the National Health Commission, the number of cases of hepatitis E in China has exceeded that of hepatitis A for nine consecutive years from 2012 to 2020.
Hepatitis E virus is mainly eaten.
Hepatitis E is mainly transmitted through fecal-oral route. The outbreak is mainly caused by the pollution of water sources by feces carrying hepatitis E virus, and the distribution is mainly caused by food contaminated by hepatitis E virus (such as pork, shellfish, etc.). Pigs are considered to be the main natural host of hepatitis E virus. At present, hepatitis E virus has been detected in raw or undercooked pig livers all over the world.
There is a big difference in the severity of hepatitis E
Most of hepatitis E is acute self-limited diseases, which can be characterized by asymptomatic infection, acute non-icteric hepatitis, acute icteric hepatitis or acute severe hepatitis.
The incubation period was 2-10 weeks (mean 5-6 weeks). This incubation period is shorter than that of hepatitis B virus and a little longer than that of hepatitis A virus.
Fever, general fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting may occur in the initial stage of the disease. Some patients will also have symptoms such as skin and sclera yellow staining, abdominal pain, itching, rash or joint pain. The course of disease usually lasts 1-6 weeks. A few can cause liver failure.
The prognosis of hepatitis E is relatively good, mainly take symptomatic support treatment and recover well, a few patients with low immunity or immunosuppression can develop into chronic hepatitis.
The mortality rate of chronic hepatitis infection and pregnant women infected with hepatitis E virus is relatively high, especially in the third trimester, the symptoms are relatively more serious, the case fatality rate can be as high as 20%, and often lead to miscarriage, low birth weight and stillbirth.
So how to prevent it?
To prevent hepatitis E virus infection, remember these three points.
1. Pay attention to food hygiene and cook all kinds of food at high temperature before eating.
To avoid hepatitis E virus infection, the most important thing is to ensure dietary hygiene and prevent the disease from entering the mouth.
Wash your hands before and after meals
Don't drink unboiled water
Don't eat raw food.
Food should be thoroughly cooked, especially seafood or pork (including offal).
Disinfect the tableware
In addition, try to reduce eating out, and less takeout, try to do at home, can not only ensure hygiene, but also help to control oil and salt, to ensure a healthy diet.
2. Separate meals and avoid close contact with patients with hepatitis E
As hepatitis E is mainly transmitted through fecal mouth, it is also possible to have a meal with patients with hepatitis E, so we should try to avoid close contact with patients with hepatitis E, pay attention to separate meals, and dishes and chopsticks and other tableware should be disinfected.
3. Inoculate hepatitis E vaccine to prevent it.
People over the age of 16 can be vaccinated against hepatitis E, especially those at high risk of hepatitis E virus infection.
Who should be actively vaccinated against hepatitis E?
Patients with ★-based chronic liver disease: attention should be paid to the prevention of superinfection of hepatitis E!
After infection with hepatitis E, it is easy to develop into severe hepatitis. Patients with chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis are prone to acute liver failure after infection with hepatitis E virus, which increases the risk of death. As a big country of hepatitis B in China, there are as many as 28 million patients with chronic hepatitis B. studies have found that at least one person has superinfection of hepatitis E in every 10 patients with hepatitis B. In these patients with ethylene superinfection, at least one in three people will develop liver failure.
Women of ★ childbearing age: high mortality during pregnancy. Attention should be paid to the prevention of hepatitis E before pregnancy.
The condition of pregnant women with hepatitis E is more serious, the case fatality rate can be as high as 20%, and with the extension of pregnancy time, the case fatality rate also gradually increases, leading to fetal miscarriage and stillbirth.
★ elderly: high case fatality rate, need to strengthen prevention awareness
People over 60 years old with viral hepatitis E are called senile hepatitis E, and senile hepatitis E accounts for the first place in elderly patients with acute viral hepatitis. Hepatitis E in the elderly is characterized by a long course of disease, often complicated with other basic diseases, complications and high mortality.
★ others: livestock breeders, catering personnel, students or army officers and soldiers, travelers in epidemic areas.
Comprehensive: Shanghai Disease Control, Sohu Health, Health Times
Source: Yangzi famous Medical Corps