Watch out! One step forward is diabetes, but many people don't know it.

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Very hidden, asymptomatic people over 40 years old and all kinds of high-risk groups should be screened as soon as possible. 01 "refers to the transition from normal glucose metabolism to diabetes." the blood glucose level of patients is higher than that of patients with normal blood sugar, but it does not meet the diagnostic criteria of diabetes. "Chinese pre-Diabetes Clinical intervention expert consensus" version 2020 (referred to as "consensus"). Patients at this stage either have impaired fasting blood glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), diagnostic criteria for prediabetes and diabetes. Internationally, glycosylated hemoglobin is diagnosed as prediabetes between 5.9 and 6.5. because diabetes has no obvious symptoms: the detection rate of prediabetes is 35.2%. Prediabetes marks an increased risk of developing diabetes, with about 5% to 10% of prediabetic patients progressing to diabetes each year.

In recent years

"pre-diabetes" shows a high incidence.

But "before sugar" has no symptoms at all.

Those who have been "sneaked up"

If you can't find and control it early,

It is very possible to drag it into a real "diabetes".

Union Hospital affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Director of Endocrinology Department

Professor Zeng Tianshu reminded:

"Sugar Front" is very hidden and asymptomatic.

Over 40 years old and various high-risk groups

Should be screened as soon as possible.

Through the non-drug way of keeping your mouth shut and opening your legs.

Stay away from diabetes easily

01

"before sugar" is strictly defined.

"pre-diabetes is a hurdle, and if you cross this hurdle, you will enter the door of diabetes." Professor Zeng Tianshu said that "pre-diabetes" refers to the transitional stage from normal glucose metabolism to diabetes. In the pre-diabetic stage, the blood glucose level of patients was higher than that of patients with normal blood glucose, but did not meet the diagnostic criteria of diabetes.

"pre-diabetes" is strictly defined. The 2020 version of the Chinese consensus on Clinical intervention of pre-Diabetes proposes that patients at this stage either have impaired fasting blood glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or a combination of the two.

Diagnostic criteria of prediabetes and diabetes.

"internationally, glycosylated hemoglobin is also diagnosed as prediabetes between 5.9 and 6.5." Professor Zeng Tianshu added. He reminded: "pre-diabetes" people, as the "reserve force" of diabetes, is the key object of diabetes prevention. However, because there are no obvious symptoms of diabetes, it is difficult to detect and easy to be ignored.

02

5% to 10% of "pre-sugar" will progress to diabetes.

Compared with diabetes, "prediabetes" has a larger population. According to the report on Nutrition and chronic Diseases of Chinese residents (2020) released by the State Council, the prevalence rate of diabetes among Chinese residents aged 18 and above is 11.9%, while the detection rate of prediabetes is 35.2%. Type 2 diabetes is the main type, and the prevalence rate of adults over 50 years old is higher.

In recent years, diabetes shows a younger trend, "pre-diabetes" also shows a high incidence momentum. Professor Zeng Tianshu said that prediabetes marks an increased risk of developing diabetes. according to the "consensus," about 5% to 10% of prediabetic patients progress to diabetes each year. Among them, high fasting blood glucose and abnormal glucose tolerance values are on the high side, the probability of developing diabetes is greatly increased in the future. Especially in people with impaired glucose tolerance, because insulin resistance leads to strong demand for fasting and postprandial insulin, β-cell function is prone to failure, so it is more likely to develop diabetes. However, people with high fasting blood glucose are less likely to develop the disease.

03

If you can't manage it well, you will be plagued by all kinds of diseases.

Diabetes sounds like a "sweet worry", but its harm is systemic, and many patients do not pay enough attention to it.

"where the blood flows, the harm will go." In the outpatient clinic, Professor Zeng Tianshu will patiently and in detail explain to patients the complications of diabetes throughout the body, reminding the patient group: "if you manage well, you will live a long and healthy life; if you do not manage well, you will suffer from all kinds of diseases."

Professor Zeng Tianshu said that diabetes can cause macrovascular disease, leading to coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, etc.; it may also cause microangiopathy, leading to renal insufficiency, retinopathy, sexual dysfunction, and so on; if there is peripheral vascular disease and peripheral neuropathy, it is easy to develop diabetic foot at the cost of amputation. At the same time, studies have shown that diabetes is also associated with an increased risk of cancer, dementia, depression and other diseases.

The damage of hyperglycemia occurs before the diagnosis of diabetes. Professor Zeng Tianshu suggested that people over the age of 40 can screen their blood sugar once a year, such as taking blood from fingers to check fasting blood sugar. If abnormalities are found, further diagnosis is needed.

04

These high-risk groups are screened as soon as possible.

Professor Zeng Tianshu introduced that from the high-risk group → pre-diabetic population → diabetic patients, diabetes will go through these three processes.

05

When there is hyperglycemia during pregnancy, baby mothers should be vigilant.

Professor Zeng Tianshu has received many young mothers, their blood sugar is normal at ordinary times, and their blood sugar index has soared after pregnancy. These women with a history of gestational diabetes have a significantly higher incidence of postpartum diabetes, so blood sugar should be screened regularly. Professor Zeng Tianshu said: women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy, although the index returned to normal after delivery, glucose tolerance should be re-examined at 6-12 weeks after delivery for diabetes screening.

Professor Zeng Tianshu said that women with polycystic ovary syndrome have a high incidence of diabetes. He reminded: women with irregular menstruation, hairy hair and difficulty in pregnancy should first be screened for polycystic ovary syndrome. In the treatment of "polycystic" at the same time, to regularly check blood sugar, capture "pre-diabetes" signal.

Watch out! One step forward is diabetes, but many people don't know it.

06

Are you at risk of developing diabetes? Give a score

According to the 2020 version of the consensus of Chinese pre-Diabetes Clinical intervention experts, high-risk groups can give themselves a score. If the total score is greater than 25, it is recommended to go to the hospital for investigation.

07

Most "pre-sugar" do not need medication.

Can you use medicine in pre-diabetes? Do you want to avoid certain foods? In response to the issues that netizens are very concerned about, Professor Zeng Tianshu said that in the vast majority of cases, pre-diabetes does not need medication.

The data from China's Daqing study show that effective lifestyle intervention can effectively reduce the risk of prediabetes progression to diabetes. Develop good eating habits, do a good job in total calorie control, reduce the intake of free sugar as much as possible, reduce the intake of refined foods, increase whole grains and coarse grains in staple foods, give priority to white meat and legumes as the source of protein, and properly consume red meat. encourage more fresh vegetables, appropriate intake of fresh fruit, try to avoid midnight snacks. Maintaining the above good eating habits will be beneficial to the rehabilitation of pre-diabetes. While keeping your mouth shut, you should also "open your legs" and combine aerobic exercise with resistance exercise in the choice of exercise mode.

Some netizens asked what is free sugar? Professor Zeng Tianshu: according to the official definition of free sugar by the World Health Organization (WHO), free sugar is the monosaccharides (fructose, glucose, etc.) and disaccharides (maltose, sucrose, etc.) added to food and beverages, as well as sugars naturally found in honey, syrup juice and concentrated fruit juices.

In the interview, it was found that some patients heard that balsam pear and pumpkin could control sugar and "eat a lot", even reducing medicine. Professor Zeng Tianshu said that balsam pear and pumpkin do have natural hypoglycemic ingredients, but if you want to replace drugs, you may have to eat several kilograms of food. He warned that hypoglycemic foods and zero-sugar drinks all contain calories, and if you eat too much, you still need to control the total amount of diet.

[interviewed experts]

Professor Zeng Tianshu

37 degrees, Yangtze River Health Media produced by reporter: Roland Intern: Zhang Yiqian Cartography: Ma Jingjing

Source: 37 degrees Li (Yangtze River healthy financing medium)

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