Male specialist Zhang Guangqing: What kinds of diseases are included in STDs?

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Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a group of diseases transmitted by sexual intercourse and similar behaviors, and in the past, the traditional concept of STDs was syphilis and gonorrhea. (1) Gonorrhea


(1) Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea is a specific infection of the genitourinary tract in men and women caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Men with gonorrhea often present with acute gonorrheal urethritis. The incubation period for the onset of infection is usually 3 to 5 days. The initial symptoms are redness, swelling, itching and burning-like stinging at the urethra, along with thin discharge from the urethra and frequent and painful urination, etc. Later, the discharge from the urethra becomes sticky and purulent. The symptoms can last for 2 to 3 weeks. Gonorrhea can also cause male infertility. Inflammation occurs due to gonorrhea invading the epididymis and vas deferens of the male reproductive organs, which eventually leads to the obstruction of the sperm transport channel and infertility.


(2) Non-gonococcal urethritis

Non-gonococcal urethritis is particularly common in heterosexual men and less common in homosexual men. The common causative organisms of non-gonococcal UTI are Chlamydia and, to a lesser extent, Mycoplasma. Testing of urethral secretions is an important part of confirming the diagnosis.

Gonorrhea and non-gonorrheal urethritis are not only transmitted through sexual intercourse or similar sexual acts, but also indirectly to others through clothing and utensils contaminated by the patient. For this reason, it is important to pay attention to interrupting the transmission link and prevent the problem before it happens.


(3) Syphilis

Syphilis is an ancient venereal disease transmitted through sexual intercourse and is caused by infection with the syphilis spirochete. Syphilis is divided into two categories: acquired syphilis and congenital syphilis. Acquired syphilis is divided into four stages. Ulcers on the body surface of late syphilis can form localized tissue necrosis followed by scarring, and in severe cases, cardiovascular and neurological disease can occur, which can result in disability or even loss of life. The syphilis is transmitted from the mother to the fetus through the blood circulation of the placenta, and after delivery, the newborn has syphilis.

(4) Soft chancre

The noma is an acute, selective, limited disease caused by Haemophilus ducreyi, which is self-inoculating. It usually affects the genital area and presents as a painful ulcer, often in combination with purulent inguinal lymph node lesions. It is transmitted by sexual intercourse in a ratio of 10:1 between men and women.

(5) Genital rash

Genital herpes is by far the most common and psychologically painful infectious disease of sexual contact, caused by infection with the herpes simplex virus. There are two types of the virus: type I mainly invades the perioral and labial areas; type II mainly invades the local mucous membranes of the genitals. Genital herpes spreads easily and is characterized by itchy vulva, multiple pustules or ulcers on the genital area, as well as general discomfort such as fever, headache, limb pain, and swollen lymph nodes. Women have heavier symptoms than men and are prone to recurrence. Recurrence is associated with exertion, emotional depression, malnutrition cold and menstrual flow. The first signs of illness are pain in the buttocks and inner thighs, itchy skin on the external genitalia, and a feeling of ants walking.

(6) acquiring warts

(7) AIDS

Male specialist Zhang Guangqing: What kinds of diseases are included in STDs?

AIDS is an abbreviation of the medical term "acquired immune deficiency syndrome". AIDS is a viral infection caused by human immunodeficiency virus infection that fatally damages the immune system. The primary routes of transmission of HIV are through contact between men who have sex with men and heterosexuals, followed by intravenous drug use, blood and blood product transfusions, and mother-to-child transmission. There is no specific cure for the disease.